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Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (Arabic: عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُوسَىٰ ٱلرِّضَا, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, c. 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the eighth imam in Twelver Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Musa al-Kazim.
Ali's body was washed by his sons, Hasan, Husayn, and Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, and one of his nephews, Abdullah ibn Ja'far. [34] Fearing that his body might be exhumed and profaned by his enemies, Ali was then buried secretly, [28] which may also explain the discrepancies in the sources about his burial site. [32]
Birth of Hasan ibn Ali, the second Shia Imam. Battle of Uhud: Ali destroyed the standard bearers and when the army of Islam was defeated and most of the Muslims had fled Ali was one of the few Muslims who defended Muhammad. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Medina. [1] 626: Birth of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia Imam. Expedition of Banu ...
Ali himself succeeded to the caliphate in 656 but his rule was immediately challenged by multiple pretenders and he was assassinated in 661. In Shia belief, Ali inherited Muhammad's political and religious authority, even before his ascension to the caliphate in 656. In Shia theology, Ali also inherited the esoteric knowledge of Muhammad.
Ali played a pivotal role during the formative years of Islam and is recognized as the fourth Rashidun caliph (r. 656–661) in Sunni Islam and the first imam in Shia Islam. Perhaps the most controversial such verse is 5:55, also known as the verse of walaya, which gave Ali the same spiritual authority as Muhammad, according to the Shia.
Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, played a pivotal role in the formative early years of Islam. [1] Later, after the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, through his numerous sayings and writings, [2] Ali helped establish a range of Islamic sciences, including Quranic exegesis, theology, jurisprudence, rhetoric (balagha), and Arabic grammar. [3]
[23] [24] Ali thus opposed the caliphate of Abu Bakr, who was hastily elected in the absence of Ali and the rest of Muhammad's kin. [25] Perhaps in the interest of the Muslim unity, [ 22 ] [ 26 ] Ali eventually accepted the temporal rule of the first three caliphs, [ 27 ] but without giving up his claims as the designated successor of Muhammad ...
Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيُّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; c. 600–661 CE) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 CE to 661, as well as the first Shia imam.