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The Qin dynasty (/ tʃ ɪ n / [3] [4]) was the first dynasty of Imperial China.It is named for its progenitor state of Qin, which was a fief of the confederal Zhou dynasty which had endured for over five centuries—until 221 BC, when it assumed an imperial prerogative following its complete conquest of its rival states, a state of affairs that lasted until its collapse in 206 BC. [5]
Map of Qin unification. In 221 BC, after the conquest of Qi, Ying Zheng declared himself to be Qin Shi Huang—the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty. The Qin Empire was divided into 36 commanderies, with Xianyang (present-day Xi'an) as the imperial capital. The emperor's expansionist ambitions did not end with the unification of China.
Of the Seven Warring States, the state of Qin grew to be the strongest and eventually conquered and successfully annexed the other six states; Han was the first to fall in 230 BCE, while Qi was the last to surrender in 221 BCE. Ying Zheng, the King of Qin, created the new title of Huangdi and became China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.
The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) was the second imperial dynasty of China. It followed the Qin dynasty, which had unified the Warring States of China by conquest. It was founded by Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu). [ note 1 ] The dynasty is divided into two periods: the Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) and the Eastern Han (25–220 CE), interrupted ...
The Han dynasty [a] was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).
During the Western Han dynasty, the Inspectors were agents of the central government, and did not permanently reside in the provinces. The Inspectors/Governors were transferred to the local government only in 35 AD. [7] Apart from the capital region, the 13 provinces are: S. and E. Henan, N. Anhui, N. Jiangsu, SW. Shandong. W. Shandong, NE. Henan.
It unified the seven states of China in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the Qin state before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" [3] [4] or "proto-Qin". [5]
The Warring States period in Chinese history (c. 475 –221 BC) comprises the final centuries of the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BC), which were characterized by warfare, bureaucratic and military reform, and political consolidation. It followed the Spring and Autumn period and concluded with the wars of conquest that saw the state of Qin ...