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Exposure to particulate matter of less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter led to significant changes in ROS levels, indicating that particulate matter exposure was a causative agent of oxidative stress in Tigriopus japonicus. [42] In addition to aquatic invertebrates, negative effects of particulate matter have been noted in mammals as well.
Air pollution is the second-largest risk factor for early death globally, behind high blood pressure, according to a recent report by the Health Effects Institute. Short-term exposure can trigger asthma attacks and increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke, especially in the elderly or people with medical problems. Long-term exposure can ...
Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.The term aerosol refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone, [1] though it is sometimes defined as a subset of aerosol terminology. [2]
PM is most usually (but not always) expressed as mg/m 3 of air or other gas at a specified temperature and pressure. For gases, volume percent = mole percent 1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 10 6 .
The AQI level is based on the level of six atmospheric pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), suspended particulates smaller than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10), [19] suspended particulates smaller than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5), [19] carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O 3) measured at the ...
This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries.
In 2019, ambient particulate matter pollution in Africa resulted in at least 383,000 early deaths, according to new estimates of the cost of air pollution in the continent. This increased from 3.6% in 1990 to around 7.4% of all premature deaths in the area. [175] [176] [177] The source of PM 2.5 differs greatly by region.
Indoor CO 2 levels above 500 ppm can lead to higher blood pressure and heart rate, and increased peripheral blood circulation. [85] With CO 2 concentrations above 1000 ppm cognitive performance might be affected, especially when doing complex tasks, making decision making and problem solving slower but not less accurate.
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