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Mangalloy, also called manganese steel or Hadfield steel, is an alloy steel containing an average of around 13% manganese. Mangalloy is known for its high impact strength and resistance to abrasion once in its work-hardened state.
In 1860, Henry Bessemer invented the use of ferromanganese as a method of introducing manganese in controlled proportions during the production of steel. The advantage of combining powdered iron oxide and manganese oxide together is the lower melting point of the combined alloy compared to pure manganese oxide. [11] [12]
Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. [53] This application was first recognized by the British metallurgist Robert Forester Mushet (1811–1891) who, in 1856, introduced the element, in the form of Spiegeleisen .
The properties of steel depend on its microstructure: the arrangement of different phases, some harder, some with greater ductility. At the atomic level, the four phases of auto steel include martensite (the hardest yet most brittle), bainite (less hard), ferrite (more ductile), and austenite (the most ductile). The phases are arranged by ...
Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira Magnalium (5-50% magnesium ): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels [1] used in the manufacture of different products, including swords, saw blades, springs and many more. These steels are generally low-alloy manganese , medium-carbon steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength .
Stainless steel is a popular class of material for knife blades because it resists corrosion and is easy to maintain. However, it is not impervious to corrosion or rust. For a steel to be considered stainless it must have a Chromium content of at least 10.5%. [24] 154CM / ATS-34 steels. These two steels are practically identical in composition ...
Spiegeleisen (literally "mirror-iron", German: Spiegel—mirror or specular; Eisen —iron) is a ferromanganese alloy containing approximately 15% manganese and small quantities of carbon and silicon. Spiegeleisen is sometimes also referred to as specular pig iron, Spiegel iron, just Spiegel, or Bisalloy.
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