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A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is any model in particle physics that merges the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces (the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model) into a single force at high energies. Although this unified force has not been directly observed, many GUT models theorize its existence.
In addition to Standard Model particles, the theory includes twelve colored X bosons, responsible for proton decay. In particle physics, the Georgi–Glashow model [1] is a particular Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974.
In addition to Standard Model particles, the theory includes 30 colored X bosons, responsible for proton decay, and two W' bosons. The pattern of charges for particles in the SO(10) model, rotated to show the embedding in E6. In particle physics, SO(10) refers to a grand unified theory (GUT) based on the spin group Spin(10).
Grand Unified Theories make predictions for the relative strengths of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces, and in 1991 LEP determined that supersymmetric theories have the correct ratio of couplings for a Georgi–Glashow Grand Unified Theory. Many Grand Unified Theories (but not Pati–Salam) predict that the proton can decay, and if ...
It was described by Edward Frenkel as "grand unified theory of mathematics." [1] As an explanation to a non-specialist: the program provides constructs for a generalised and somewhat unified framework, to characterise the structures that underpin numbers and their abstractions; thus the invariants which base them through analytical methods.
Some beyond-the-Standard-Model grand unified theories (GUTs) explicitly break the baryon number symmetry, allowing protons to decay via the Higgs particle, magnetic monopoles, or new X bosons with a half-life of 10 31 to 10 36 years. For comparison, the universe is roughly 1.38 × 10 10 years old. [3]
In particle physics, the X and Y bosons (sometimes collectively called "X bosons" [1]: 437 ) are hypothetical elementary particles analogous to the W and Z bosons, but corresponding to a unified force predicted by the Georgi–Glashow model, a grand unified theory (GUT).
Pages in category "Grand Unified Theory" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...