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In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [ 1 ] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body (ies).
Newton's first law expresses the principle of inertia: the natural behavior of a body is to move in a straight line at constant speed. A body's motion preserves the status quo, but external forces can perturb this. The modern understanding of Newton's first law is that no inertial observer is privileged over any other.
In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. [ 1 ] This can exist between two fluid layers, two solid surfaces, or between a fluid and a solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity relative to the ...
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. [ 2 ][ 3 ] Types of friction include dry, fluid, lubricated, skin, and internal -- an incomplete list. The study of the processes involved is called tribology, and has a history of more than 2000 years.
Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics. The ideal Atwood machine consists of two objects of mass m1 and m2, connected by an inextensible massless string over an ideal massless pulley. [1] Both masses experience uniform acceleration. When m1 = m2, the machine is in neutral ...
The static friction increases or decreases in response to the applied force up to an upper limit determined by the characteristics of the contact between the surface and the object. [ 3 ] A static equilibrium between two forces is the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances .
v. t. e. Centrifugal force is a fictitious force in Newtonian mechanics (also called an "inertial" or "pseudo" force) that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference. It appears to be directed radially away from the axis of rotation of the frame.
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.