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Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can grow without oxygen. [1]
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia in North and South America and is also an important cause of community-acquired bacteremia. [14] Skin ulceration or wounds, respiratory tract infections, and IV drug use are the most important causes of community-acquired staph aureus bacteremia.
Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobes (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically). [15] All species grow in the presence of bile salts. All species of Staphylococcus aureus were once thought to be coagulase-positive, but this has since been disproven. [16] [17] [18] Growth can also occur in a 6.5% NaCl solution. [15]
A staphylococcal infection or staph infection is an infection caused by members of the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria. These bacteria commonly inhabit the skin and nose where they are innocuous, but may enter the body through cuts or abrasions which may be nearly invisible. Once inside the body, the bacteria may spread to a number of body ...
Coagulase. S. aureus uses coagulase to form a fibrin coat from fibrinogen present in the bloodstream. This helps the bacteria evade detection and phagocytosis by the immune system. Coagulase is a protein enzyme produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. In the laboratory, it is used to distinguish ...
Staphylococcus aureus. Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a human neutrophil ingesting MRSA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans.
Infective endocarditis. A mitral valve vegetation caused by bacterial endocarditis. Valvular insufficiency, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure [ 1 ][ 2 ] Blood clot in a lung artery (pulmonary embolism) [ 3 ] Enlarged and painful spleen, kidney damage, damage to the distal extremities such as fingers and toes. [ 4 ]
β-hemolysin. [edit] β-hemolysin (hlb; Q2FWP1) is a Phospholipase Ctoxin secreted by S. aureus. Upon investigating sheep erythrocytes, its toxic mechanism was discovered to be the hydrolysis of a specific membrane lipid, sphingomyelin, which accounts for 50% of the cell’s membrane.
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