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Symmetric-key algorithm. Symmetric-key algorithms[ a ] are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. [ 1 ] The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret ...
Fortuna is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CS-PRNG) devised by Bruce Schneier and Niels Ferguson and published in 2003. It is named after Fortuna, the Roman goddess of chance. FreeBSD uses Fortuna for /dev/random and /dev/urandom is symbolically linked to it since FreeBSD 11. [ 1 ] Apple OSes have switched to Fortuna ...
AES-JS – portable JavaScript implementation of AES ECB and CTR modes. Forge – JavaScript implementations of AES in CBC, CTR, OFB, CFB, and GCM modes. asmCrypto – JavaScript implementation of popular cryptographic utilities with focus on performance. Supports CBC, CFB, CCM modes. pidCrypt – open source JavaScript library.
Speck is an add–rotate–xor (ARX) cipher. The NSA began working on the Simon and Speck ciphers in 2011. The agency anticipated some agencies in the US federal government would need a cipher that would operate well on a diverse collection of Internet of Things devices while maintaining an acceptable level of security.
Paillier cryptosystem. The Paillier cryptosystem, invented by and named after Pascal Paillier in 1999, is a probabilistic asymmetric algorithm for public key cryptography. The problem of computing n -th residue classes is believed to be computationally difficult. The decisional composite residuosity assumption is the intractability hypothesis ...
Website. nacl.cr.yp.to. NaCl (Networking and Cryptography Library, pronounced "salt") is a public domain, high-speed software library for cryptography. [2] NaCl was created by the mathematician and programmer Daniel J. Bernstein, who is best known for the creation of qmail and Curve25519. The core team also includes Tanja Lange and Peter ...
Zero-knowledge proof. In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof is a protocol in which one party (the prover) can convince another party (the verifier) that some given statement is true, without conveying to the verifier any information beyond the mere fact of that statement's truth. [1] The intuition underlying zero-knowledge proofs is that it ...
Rijndael MixColumns. The MixColumns operation performed by the Rijndael cipher or Advanced Encryption Standard is, along with the ShiftRows step, its primary source of diffusion. Each column of bytes is treated as a four-term polynomial , each byte representing an element in the Galois field . The coefficients are elements within the prime sub ...