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To test for divisibility by D, where D ends in 1, 3, 7, or 9, the following method can be used. [12] Find any multiple of D ending in 9. (If D ends respectively in 1, 3, 7, or 9, then multiply by 9, 3, 7, or 1.) Then add 1 and divide by 10, denoting the result as m. Then a number N = 10t + q is divisible by D if and only if mq + t is divisible ...
Primality test. A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime. Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography. Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not.
1001 = 7 × 11 × 13 in prime factors. 10 3 ≡ -1 (mod 1001) The method simultaneously tests for divisibility by any of the factors of 1001. First, the digits of the number being tested are grouped in blocks of three. The odd numbered groups are summed. The sum of the even numbered groups is then subtracted from the sum of the odd numbered groups.
Fermat's little theorem. In number theory, Fermat's little theorem states that if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, the number ap − a is an integer multiple of p. In the notation of modular arithmetic, this is expressed as. For example, if a = 2 and p = 7, then 27 = 128, and 128 − 2 = 126 = 7 × 18 is an integer multiple of 7.
Instead of testing for divisibility, test for squarity: for given m and some number k, if k 2 − m is the square of an integer n then k − n divides m. (This is an application of the factorization of a difference of two squares.) For example, 100 2 − 9991 is the square of 3, so consequently 100 − 3 divides 9991.
Goldbach's conjecture is used when studying computation complexity. [ 36 ] The connection is made through the Busy Beaver function, where BB (n) is the maximum number of steps taken by any n state Turing machine that halts. There is a 27 state Turing machine that halts if and only if Goldbach's conjecture is false.
If a number is divisible by 6, then the final digit of that number is 0. To determine whether a number is divisible by 7, one can sum its alternate digits and subtract those sums; if the result is divisible by 7, the number is divisible by 7, similar to the "11" divisibility test in decimal.
Concept. Fermat's little theorem states that if p is prime and a is not divisible by p, then. If one wants to test whether p is prime, then we can pick random integers a not divisible by p and see whether the congruence holds. If it does not hold for a value of a, then p is composite. This congruence is unlikely to hold for a random a if p is ...