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The company was founded in 1976 by venture capitalist Robert A. Swanson and biochemist Herbert Boyer. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Boyer is considered to be a pioneer in the field of recombinant DNA technology. In 1973, Boyer and his colleague Stanley Norman Cohen demonstrated that restriction enzymes could be used as "scissors" to cut DNA fragments of ...
This is a list of Indonesians ordered by their net worth. According to Forbes (2007), [ 1 ] there were only two Indonesians who were listed among the world's billionaires. Robert Budi Hartono (and family) was ranked 664th with a total net worth of US$1.5 billion.
Stanley Norman Cohen (born February 17, 1935) is an American geneticist [2] and the Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in the Stanford University School of Medicine. [3] Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer were the first scientists to transplant genes from one living organism to another, a fundamental discovery for genetical engineering.
pSC101. pSC101 is a DNA plasmid that is used as a cloning vector in genetic cloning experiments. pSC101 was the first cloning vector, used in 1973 by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Norman Cohen. Using this plasmid they have demonstrated that a gene from a frog could be transferred into bacterial cells and then expressed by the bacterial cells.
The Indonesian Wikipedia is the fifth-fastest-growing Wikipedia in an Asian language after the Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Turkish language Wikipedias. It ranks 25th in terms of depth among Wikipedias. Its first article was written on 30 May 2003, [ 1 ][ 2 ] yet its Main Page was created six months later on 29 November 2003.
Indonesia nominal GDP reached 20.892 quadrillion rupiah ($1.371 trillion) in 2023, it is the 16th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the 7th largest in terms of GDP (PPP). Indonesia's internet economy reached US$77 billion in 2022, and is expected to cross the US$130 billion mark by 2025. [ 34 ]
The net worth of the world's billionaires increased from less than US$1 trillion in 2000 to over $7 trillion in 2015. US$ 233 billion. US$14.2 trillion (from US$12.2 trillion) The World's Billionaires is an annual ranking of people who are billionaires, i.e., they are considered to have a net worth of US$1 billion or more, by the American ...
In 2007, Kartini was ranked 28th on Forbes' list of richest Indonesians, with wealth of $260 million. In 2008, she was ranked 32nd, with a fortune of $130 million. [15] [16] In 2019, Kartini was listed 48th on Forbes' list of 50 richest Indonesians, with a fortune of $630 million. She was the highest-ranked woman on the list. [17]