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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs arise in the smooth muscle pacemaker interstitial cell of Cajal, or similar cells. [2] They are defined as tumors whose behavior is driven by mutations in the KIT gene (85%), [2] PDGFRA gene (10%), [2] or BRAF kinase (rare).
These cells can originate from neighboring non-cancerous stromal cells or undergo transdifferentiation from tumor cells. Stromal cells contribute to tumor initiation, progression and drug resistance, and the stroma is known to evolve as the tumor develops. Understanding the interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells is essential for ...
Stromal cells are an important part of the body's immune response and modulate inflammation through multiple pathways. They also aid in differentiation of hematopoietic cells and forming necessary blood elements. The interaction between stromal cells and tumor cells is known to play a major role in cancer growth and progression. [1]
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) form in the soft mesenchymal tissue of the gastrointestinal tract and form from the rapid growth of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). GISTs are the most common type of tumor found in the gastrointestinal tract, usually located in the small intestine or stomach. [ 1 ]
Sex cord–gonadal stromal tumour is a group of tumours derived from the stromal component of the ovary and testis, which comprises the granulosa, thecal cells and fibrocytes. [1] In contrast, the epithelial cells originate from the outer epithelial lining surrounding the gonad while the germ cell tumors arise from the precursor cells of the ...
Cancerous cells are later identified through a biopsy of the tissue within the tumor. Some tumors are also classified as premalignant, meaning they could become cancerous over time if left untreated.
Benign tumors have mature-appearing glands in a fibrous stroma; Borderline tumors have a complex branching pattern without stromal invasion; Carcinomas (malignant tumors) have invasive glands with crowded, atypical cells, frequent mitoses. With poorer differentiation, the tumor becomes more solid.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a malignant subtype of endometrial stromal tumor arising from the stroma (connective tissue) of the endometrium rather than the glands. There are three grades for endometrial stromal tumors, as follows. [ 1 ]