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Programmed input–output (also programmable input/output, programmed input/output, programmed I/O, PIO) is a method of data transmission, via input/output (I/O), between a central processing unit (CPU) and a peripheral device, [1] such as a Parallel ATA storage device.
68.6 mm × 53.3 mm [ 2.7 in × 2.1 in ] Ethernet serial interface Wiznet Ethernet 5 V 32 1 2 14 4 6 July 13, 2011 [34] Based on the same WIZnet W5100 chip as the Arduino Ethernet Shield. [35] A serial interface is provided for programming, but no USB interface. Late versions of this board support Power over Ethernet (PoE). Arduino Fio [36]
A Joystick abstraction hides details (e.g., register format, I2C address) of the hardware so that a programmer using the abstracted API, does not need to understand the details of the device's physical interface. This also allows code reuse since the same code can process standardized messages from any kind of implementation which supplies the ...
Some GPIOs have 5 V tolerant inputs: even when the device has a low supply voltage (such as 2 V), the device can accept 5 V without damage. A GPIO port is a group of GPIO pins (often 8 pins, but it may be less) arranged in a group and controlled as a group. GPIO abilities may include: [2] GPIO pins can be configured to be input or output
Kempston joystick interface Kempston Interface plugged into a Spectrum Plus ZX Spectrum Kempston Joystick Interface with 3 ports and cartridge slot. The Kempston Interface is a joystick interface used on the ZX Spectrum series of computers that allows controllers complying with the de facto Atari joystick port standard (using the DE-9 connector) to be used with the machine.
Each joystick direction switch and the fire switch replicate a keypress on the Spectrum keyboard. This differs from the then-popular Kempston Interface, whose joystick switches are separate to the keyboard and read using a Z80 IN 31 instruction. Player 1 is mapped to 6– 0 and player 2 is mapped to 1– 5.
Possible elements of a video game joystick: 1. stick, 2. base, 3. trigger, 4. extra buttons, 5. autofire switch, 6. throttle, 7. hat switch (POV hat), 8. suction cups. A joystick, sometimes called a flight stick, is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
Using original IBM formula, Time = 24.2 μs + 0.011 (r) μs [23] and assuming 100Kohm potentiometers this process can take up to 1.1ms per readout, or over 60ms if we decide to read joystick position 60 times a second. This significant overhead was the reason why using original Gameport on the PC could consume up to 10% of CPU time independent ...