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Introduced in 1909 by Martin Kirschner, the wires are now widely used in orthopedics and other types of medical and veterinary surgery. They come in different sizes and are used to hold bone fragments together (pin fixation) or to provide an anchor for skeletal traction. The pins are often driven into the bone through the skin (percutaneous pin ...
Percutaneous pinning is considered to be less invasive, faster, and requires less skill compared to open surgery (plate fixation). [ 1 ] Disadvantages of this technique include that the stabilized fracture is less stable compared to a surgical plate, the person may require extensive limits to their motion at the early stages, and there is a ...
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to an external apparatus composed of rings and threaded rods — the Ilizarov apparatus, the Taylor Spatial Frame, and the Octopod External Fixator — which immobilises the damaged limb to facilitate healing. [1]
Cleidocranial dysostosis is a general skeletal condition [8] so named from the collarbone (cleido-) and cranium deformities which people with it often have. People with the condition usually present with a painless swelling in the area of the clavicles at 2 to 3 years of age. [ 9 ]
[2] [3] The implantated valve is delivered via one of several access methods: transfemoral (in the upper leg), transapical (through the wall of the heart), subclavian (beneath the collar bone), direct aortic (through a minimally invasive surgical incision into the aorta), and transcaval (from a temporary hole in the aorta near the navel through ...
The first rib may be approached several different ways: from above the clavicle in an inferior direction (infraclavicular), from above the clavicle (supraclavicular), from the posterior neck, and from the armpit medially (transaxillary).
A common surgery is some form of modified Weaver-Dunn procedure, which involves cutting off the end of the clavicle portion, partially sacrificing the coracoacromial ligament and suturing the displaced acromial end to the lateral aspect of the clavicle for stabilization, then often some form of additional support is introduced to replace the ...
The earliest IM nails were triangular or V-shaped in cross-section. Later they were modified to their present and more rotationally stable clover-leaf shape. [2] Several modifications and shapes were introduced subsequently for various bones such as V-nails for tibia, radius [5] and ulna nails, Rusch nails etc.