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The Shunt equation (also known as the Berggren equation) quantifies the extent to which venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the capillaries of the lung.. “Shunt” and “dead space“ are terms used to describe conditions where either blood flow or ventilation do not interact with each other in the lung, as they should for efficient gas exchange to take place.
Alveolar dead space and insufficient perfusion result in a V/Q ratio above 0.8 with decreased fresh oxygen in the alveoli. [1] This might have been caused by blood clotting, heart failure, pulmonary emphysema, or damage in alveolar capillaries. [12] Diagram of pulmonary shunt in alveoli and pulmonary capillary
A decrease in perfusion relative to ventilation (as occurs in pulmonary embolism, for example) is an example of increased dead space. [12] Dead space is a space where gas exchange does not take place, such as the trachea; it is ventilation without perfusion. A pathological example of dead zone would be a capillary blocked by an embolus.
Total dead space (also known as physiological dead space) is the sum of the anatomical dead space and the alveolar dead space. Benefits do accrue to a seemingly wasteful design for ventilation that includes dead space. [1] Carbon dioxide is retained, making a bicarbonate-buffered blood and interstitium possible.
This is a list of mnemonics used in medicine and medical science, categorized and alphabetized. A mnemonic is any technique that assists the human memory with information retention or retrieval by making abstract or impersonal information more accessible and meaningful, and therefore easier to remember; many of them are acronyms or initialisms which reduce a lengthy set of terms to a single ...
This is a list of cardiology mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialities, see this list of medical mnemonics.
An uncorrected left-to-right shunt can progress to a right-to-left shunt; this process is termed Eisenmenger syndrome. [3] This is seen in Ventricular septal defect, Atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, and can manifest as late as adult life. This switch in blood flow direction is precipitated by pulmonary hypertension due to ...
A cardiac shunt is when blood follows a pattern that deviates from the systemic circulation, i.e., from the body to the right atrium, down to the right ventricle, to the lungs, from the lungs to the left atrium, down to the left ventricle and then out of the heart back to the systemic circulation.