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Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a metabolite of ethanol which is formed in the body by glucuronidation following exposure to ethanol, usually from drinking alcoholic beverages.It is used as a biomarker to test for ethanol use and to monitor alcohol abstinence in situations where drinking is prohibited, such as by the military, in alcohol treatment programs, in professional monitoring programs ...
Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate are excreted in urine as metabolites of ethanol and are used to monitor alcohol use. [8] Glucuronic acid and gluconic acid are fermentation products in Kombucha tea. [9] Glucuronic acid is a precursor of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, formerly called L-hexuronic acid). Ascorbate can be biosynthesized by higher ...
A glucuronide, also known as glucuronoside, is any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond. [1] The glucuronides belong to the glycosides . Glucuronidation , the conversion of chemical compounds to glucuronides, is a method that animals use to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or ...
Ethyl sulfate can be produced in a laboratory setting by reacting ethanol with sulfuric acid under a gentle boil, while keeping the reaction below 140 °C. The sulfuric acid must be added dropwise or the reaction must be actively cooled because the reaction itself is highly exothermic.
The ethanol conjugates called ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate remain detectable for up to three days after ethanol consumption and are quite useful for detection of occult/denied alcohol use disorder. Both these substances are detectable clinically through urine drug testing by commercial toxicology labs.
The pharmacology of ethanol involves both pharmacodynamics (how it affects the body) and pharmacokinetics (how the body processes it). In the body, ethanol primarily affects the central nervous system, acting as a depressant and causing sedation, relaxation, and decreased anxiety.
Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate; Estradiol 17β-sulfate; Estradiol disulfate; Estradiol sulfate; Estriol sulfate; Estriol sulfate glucuronide; Estrone sulfate; Estrone sulfate (medication) Estropipate; Ethanolamine-O-sulfate; Ethinylestradiol sulfate; Ethyl sulfate; 4-Ethylphenyl sulfate
Estriol sulfate glucuronide, or estriol 3-sulfate 16α-glucuronide, is an endogenous, naturally occurring diconjugated metabolite of estriol. [1] It is generated in the liver from estriol sulfate by UDP-glucuronyltransferase and is eventually excreted in the urine by the kidneys . [ 1 ]