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Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
Tên chữ (chữ Nôm: 𠸛𡨸) are Vietnamese place names of Sino-Vietnamese origin that origin that refer to locations which also have other names that are of vernacular origin. In many cases, these names are literary or formal and are less commonly used than their vernacular counterparts.
The main Vietnamese term used for Chinese characters is chữ Hán (𡨸漢).It is made of chữ meaning 'character' and Hán 'Han (referring to the Han dynasty)'.Other synonyms of chữ Hán includes chữ Nho (𡨸儒 [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ ɲɔ˧˧], literally 'Confucian characters') and Hán tự [a] (漢字 [haːn˧˦ tɨ˧˨ʔ] ⓘ) which was borrowed directly from Chinese.
Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]
Co-articulated consonants are sounds that involve two simultaneous places of articulation (are pronounced using two parts of the vocal tract). In English, the [w] in "went" is a coarticulated consonant, being pronounced by rounding the lips and raising the back of the tongue.
The pronunciation of syllable-final ch and nh in Hanoi Vietnamese has had different analyses. One analysis, that of Thompson (1965) has them as being phonemes /c, ɲ/ , where /c/ contrasts with both syllable-final t /t/ and c /k/ , and /ɲ/ contrasts with syllable-final n /n/ and ng /ŋ/ .
Modern English is written with a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, with each having both uppercase and lowercase forms. The word alphabet is a compound of alpha and beta, the names of the first two letters in the Greek alphabet.
Nguyễn Nhật Ánh (born May 7, 1955 [1] [2]) is a Vietnamese author who writes for teenagers and adults.He also works as a teacher, poet and correspondent. His works include approximately 30 novels, 4 essays, 2 series and some collections of poems.