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Anubis as a jackal perched atop a tomb, symbolizing his protection of the necropolis "Anubis" is a Greek rendering of this god's Egyptian name. [7] [8] Before the Greeks arrived in Egypt, around the 7th century BC, the god was known as Anpu or Inpu. The root of the name in ancient Egyptian language means "a royal child."
The jackal hieroglyph that appears in Khenti-Amentiu's name in the Early Dynastic Period is traditionally seen as a determinative to indicate the god's form, but Terence DuQuesne argued that the jackal glyph represents the name of Anubis and that Khenti-Amentiu was originally an epithet or manifestation of Anubis. If this is the case, Khenti ...
Nephthys (NebetHuet), Anubis' mother; sister of Osiris and Isis (Aset); also a guardian of the dead. She was believed to also escort dead souls to Osiris; Nehebkau, the primordial snake and funerary god associated with the afterlife, and one of the forty-two assessors of Maat; Osiris, lord of the Underworld [2] Qebehsenuef, one of the four sons ...
In this way, the deceased could avoid meeting a similar fate, and be victorious over the forces of chaos like Ra. [36] Am-heh, whose name means "devourer of millions" or "eater of eternity", [37] is a hunting dog headed god from the underworld who lived in a lake of fire.
In Islam, Azrael plays the role of the angel of death who carries the soul up to the heavens, acting by the permission of God. [9] In many cultures, the shaman also fulfils the role of the psychopomp. This may include not only accompanying the soul of the dead, but also at birth to help introduce the newborn child's soul into the world.
The Horus of the night deities – Twelve goddesses of each hour of the night, wearing a five-pointed star on their heads Neb-t tehen and Neb-t heru, god and goddess of the first hour of night, Apis or Hep (in reference) and Sarit-neb-s, god and goddess of the second hour of night, M'k-neb-set, goddess of the third hour of night, Aa-t-shefit or ...
Depicted as a protector of graves as early as the First Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2890 BC), Anubis was also an embalmer. By the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650 BC) he was replaced by Osiris in his role as lord of the underworld. One of his prominent roles was as a god who ushered souls into the afterlife
Ancient funerary texts provide many different descriptions of the afterlife gates. Sometimes more than 1,000 guardian deities are listed. [3] According to a more general view, every gate was guarded by a minor god who allowed access only to the souls capable of pronouncing the secret name of the god himself, as a sort of "password". [3]