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In 16th-century southern Portugal there were Chinese slaves but the number of them was described as "negligible", being outnumbered by East Indian, Mourisco, and African slaves. [54] Amerindians, Chinese, Malays, and Indians were slaves in Portugal but in far fewer number than Turks, Berbers, and Arabs. [55]
Ancient Roman mosaic in Conimbriga. The first Roman invasion of the Iberian Peninsula occurred in 219 BC. Within 200 years, almost the entire peninsula had been annexed to the Roman Republic, starting the Romanization of Hispania. The Carthaginians, Rome's adversary in the Punic Wars, were expelled from their coastal colonies.
The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis.. The Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, which lasted almost two centuries, led to the establishment of the provinces of Lusitania in the south and Gallaecia in the north of what is now Portugal.
Roman mosaic from Dougga, Tunisia (2nd/3rd century AD): two large slaves carrying wine jars each wear an amulet against the evil eye on a necklace, with one in a loincloth (left) and the other in an exomis; [1] the young slave to the left carries water and towels, and the one on the right a bough and a basket of flowers [2]
Slaves were initially rare. Only the richest could afford them and owning a slave was a symbol of social prestige. From the 16th century, however, slaves became commonplace and were employed both in a domestic context and on large-scale works such as land reclamation in the Algarve region of Portugal. [2] [3] [4]
Free peasants did not completely disappear. Many became tenants on estates that were worked in two ways: partly directly controlled by the owner and worked by slaves, and partly leased to tenants. The production system of the latifundia went into crisis between the 1st and 2nd century as the supply of slaves dwindled due to lack of new ...
Ancient Roman control of the Iberian Peninsula as located within the present day state of Portugal. From the invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 218 BCE to the end of Roman control in 486 CE. See also: Category:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
Portugal, [e] officially the Portuguese Republic, [f] is a country in the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe.Featuring the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it shares the longest uninterrupted border in the European Union; to the south and the west is the North Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and southwest lie the ...