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Today, the Maturidi school is the position favored by the Ahl ar-Ra'y ("people of reason"), which includes only the Hanafi school of fiqh who make up the majority of Sunni Muslims. [65] The Maturidi school takes the middle position between the Ash'ari and Mu'tazili schools on the questions of knowing truth and free will. The Maturidis say that ...
Ilm al-kalam [a] or ilm al-lahut, [b] often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or rational study of Islamic theology (). [2] It can also be defined as the science that studies the fundamental doctrines of Islamic faith (usul al-din), proving their validity, or refuting doubts regarding them. [3]
' faith ' or ' belief ', also 'recognition') in Islamic theology denotes a believer's recognition of faith and deeds in the religious aspects of Islam. [1] [2] Its most simple definition is the belief in the six articles of faith, known as arkān al-īmān. The term iman has been delineated in both the Quran and hadith. [3]
The term “Islamic law” would in itself be an example of such a holistic merging of two spheres, conflating a person’s faith with his rights, or even three, if “law” is seen as a natural aspect of state politics that in a modern differentiated system should not be separated from religion, in its institutions and its rules. [19]
In secular usage, religious education is the teaching of a particular religion (although in the United Kingdom the term religious instruction would refer to the teaching of a particular religion, with religious education referring to teaching about religions in general) and its varied aspects: its beliefs, doctrines, rituals, customs, rites, and personal roles.
Islamic philosophy refers to philosophy produced in an Islamic society. As it is not necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor exclusively produced by Muslims, [3] many scholars prefer the term "Arabic philosophy." [4] Islamic philosophy is a generic term that can be defined and used in different ways.
The work takes up matters related to creation and causality, eschatology, the resurrection of the body, the unseen world of angels, jinn and Satan, and it concludes with a study of prophethood (nubuwwat), the prophethood of Muhammad, and the question of science and religion in relation to the study of the Qur'an. [3]
This is a list of Islamic texts.The religious texts of Islam include the Quran (the central text), several previous texts (considered by Muslims to be previous revelations from Allah), including the Tawrat revealed to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel, the Zabur revealed to Dawud and the Injil (the Gospel) revealed to Isa (), and the hadith (deeds and sayings ...