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Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a hemorrhagic fever caused by hantaviruses.Symptoms occur usually occur 12–16 days after exposure to the virus and come in five distinct phases: febrile, hypotensive, low urine production (oliguric), high urine production (diuretic), and recovery.
“The body aches related to an infection such as pharyngitis (sore throat) or flu are related to the immune system’s response to the infection,” says Stephen Parodi, M.D., infectious disease ...
Infection remains rare—about 10–50 cases of HPS occur each year in the US, most in spring and early summer and mainly in southwestern states. Infections usually occur at home or in the workplace when inhaling aerosols that contain rodent saliva or excretions. While treatment has improved, HPS still has a case fatality rate of around 40%.
Stress ulceration is a single or multiple fundic mucosal ulcers that causes upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and develops during the severe physiologic stress of serious illness. It can also cause mucosal erosions and superficial hemorrhages in patients who are critically ill, or in those who are under extreme physiologic stress, causing blood ...
Nephritis can often be caused by infections and toxins, but it is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs like kidneys. [5] Pyelonephritis is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the renal pelvis of the kidney. [6]
[2] [3] The mechanism of infection is usually spread up the urinary tract. [2] Less often infection occurs through the bloodstream. [1] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by urinalysis. [2] If there is no improvement with treatment, medical imaging may be recommended. [2]
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [1] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component. [citation needed]
Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option.