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  2. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    Gemstones are often treated to enhance the color or clarity of the stone. [40] In some cases, the treatment applied to the gemstone can also increase its durability. Even though natural gemstones can be transformed using the traditional method of cutting and polishing, other treatment options allow the stone's appearance to be enhanced. [41]

  3. Lapidary (text) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidary_(text)

    A lapidary is a text in verse or prose, often a whole book, that describes the physical properties and metaphysical virtues of precious and semi-precious stones, that is to say, a work on gemology. [1] It was frequently used as a medical textbook, since it also includes practical information about the supposed medical application of each stone ...

  4. List of minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

    Amethyst crystals – a purple quartz Apophyllite crystals sitting right beside a cluster of peachy bowtie stilbite Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico Ametrine ...

  5. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538 Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852 v

  6. Herbert Smith (mineralogist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Smith_(mineralogist)

    Smith also developed new instruments for the practical measurement of the crystallographic and optical features of minerals and gems (goniometers and a refractometer), [4] and wrote a text book on gemstones and gemmology that was first published in 1912, [9] [10] and went through many editions, with the thirteenth edition published posthumously ...

  7. Jasper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper

    Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a gemstone. It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases, seals, and snuff boxes. The density of jasper is typically 2.5 to 2.9 g/cm 3. [4] Jaspillite is a banded-iron-formation rock that often has distinctive bands of jasper.

  8. Two decades after 'The Simple Life,' Paris Hilton and Nicole ...

    www.aol.com/news/two-decades-simple-life-paris...

    Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie may no longer be driving cross-country in a pink pickup truck or pouring bleach on pool tables in Arkansas, but they still greet each other with the nicknames they ...

  9. Gemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemology

    Gem identification is basically a process of elimination. Gemstones of similar color undergo non-destructive optical testing until there is only one possible identity. Any single test is nearly always only indicative. For example: The specific gravity of ruby is 4.00, glass is 3.15–4.20, and cubic zirconia is 5.6–5.9 . So one can easily ...