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Since it was the last of three major Jewish–Roman wars, it is also known as the Third Jewish–Roman War or the Third Jewish Revolt. Some historians also refer to it as the Second Jewish Revolt, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] not counting the Diaspora Revolt (115–117), which had only marginally been fought in Judaea .
First Jewish–Roman War (66–73)—also called the First Jewish Revolt or the Great Jewish Revolt, spanning from the 66 insurrection, through the 67 fall of the Galilee, the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple and institution of the Fiscus Judaicus in 70, and finally the fall of Masada in 73.
During the revolt, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva regarded Simon as the Jewish messiah; the Talmud records his statement that the Star Prophecy verse from Numbers 24:17: [10] "There shall come a star out of Jacob," [11] referred to him, based on identification of the Hebrew word for star, kokhav, and his name, bar Kozeva.
The term "Diaspora Revolt" (115–117 CE; [1] Hebrew: מרד הגלויות, romanized: mered ha-galuyot, or מרד התפוצות, mered ha-tfutzot, 'rebellion of the diaspora'; Latin: Tumultus Iudaicus [2]), also known as the Trajanic Revolt [3] and sometimes as the Second Jewish–Roman War, [a] [4] refers to a series of uprisings that occurred in Jewish diaspora communities across the ...
The Teaching of Jacob [a] is a Greek Christian polemical tract supposedly set in Carthage in 634 but written in Syria Palaestina (Hadrian had renamed Judea in 135 AD, after the Second Jewish Revolt or Bar Kokhba Revolt) sometime between 634 and 640. [1] [2] It has a controversial dating from the early 7th century to the late 8th century. [3]
In the aftermath, most Jewish population is annihilated (about 580,000 killed) and Hadrian renames the province of Judea to Syria Palaestina, and attempts to root out Judaism. 136 Rabbi Akiva is martyred. 138 With Emperor Hadrian's death, the persecution of Jews within the Roman Empire is eased and Jews are allowed to visit Jerusalem on Tisha B ...
The older view is that the Bar Kokhba revolt, which took the Romans three years to suppress, enraged Hadrian, and he became determined to erase Judaism from the province. Circumcision was forbidden, and Jews were expelled from the city. Hadrian renamed the province of Judaea to Syria Palaestina, dispensing with the Jewish-associated name. [12]
Map of the Roman empire in AD 125, under emperor Hadrian, showing the Legio XXII Deiotariana, stationed at Alexandria (Alexandria, Egypt), in Aegyptus province, from 8 BC to ca. 123 AD Legio XXII Deiotariana ("Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army , founded ca. 48 BC and disbanded or destroyed during the Bar ...