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For both of these domestic species, flea allergy dermatitis is the most common cause of skin disease. Affected animals develop allergic reactions to chemicals in flea saliva. Symptoms of this reaction include erythema (redness), papules (bumps), pustules (pus-filled bumps), and crusts (scabs). If severe, hair loss will occur in the affected area.
Allergies are caused by an oversensitive immune system, leading to a misdirected immune response. The immune system normally protects the body against harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses. Allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to substances that are generally harmless and in most people do not cause an immune response.
Type III (aka hepatic photosensitivity) is the most common type of photosensitivity reaction seen in animals. [2] In this type, the photodynamic substance is phylloerythrin, a derivative of chlorophyll produced in the body. Normally, phylloerythrin is secreted into the intestine by the biliary system and excreted through the feces.
Commonly used anti-allergic agents include antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids, leukotriene pathway modifiers and mast cell stabilizers. Antihistamines and decongestants are generally the first-line treatment in mild to moderate allergic reactions. Corticosteroids are generally indicated for moderate cases.
Allergies to cats, a type of animal allergy, are one of the most common allergies experienced by humans.Among the eight known cat allergens, the most prominent allergen is secretoglobin Fel d 1, which is produced in the anal glands, salivary glands, and, mainly, in sebaceous glands of cats, and is ubiquitous in the United States, even in households without cats. [1]
Other treatments include an allergy shot, which keep the allergic response to a minimum. For more severe reactions an epinephrine injection is carried around. This injection will be taken if the person is going into anaphylactic shock. The best treatment is avoidance of each allergen.
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