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Crookes X-ray tube from around 1910 Another Crookes x-ray tube. The device attached to the neck of the tube (right) is an "osmotic softener". When the voltage applied to a Crookes tube is high enough, around 5,000 volts or greater, [16] it can accelerate the electrons to a high enough velocity to create X-rays when they hit the anode or the glass wall of the tube.
English: Schematic diagram of a Crookes tube. This was a cold cathode discharge tube invented by William Crookes and other physicists around the 1870s in which cathode rays (electrons) were discovered. It consisted of a partially evacuated glass tube with two electrodes.
English: Diagram of Crookes tube, an experimental discharge tube invented by William Crookes around 1875. The power supply applies a voltage of several thousand volts between the two electrodes.
X-ray tubes evolved from experimental Crookes tubes with which X-rays were first discovered on November 8, 1895, by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. The first-generation cold cathode or Crookes X-ray tubes were used until the 1920s. These tubes work by ionisation of residual gas within the tube.
A diagram showing a Crookes tube connected to a high voltage supply. The Maltese cross has no external electrical connection. The Maltese cross has no external electrical connection. Cathode rays are so named because they are emitted by the negative electrode, or cathode , in a vacuum tube.
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The earliest version of the CRT was known as the "Braun tube", invented by the German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1897. [13] It was a cold-cathode diode, a modification of the Crookes tube with a phosphor-coated screen. Braun was the first to conceive the use of a CRT as a display device. [14] The Braun tube became the foundation of 20th ...
The Crookes radiometer (also known as a light mill) consists of an airtight glass bulb containing a partial vacuum, with a set of vanes which are mounted on a spindle inside. The vanes rotate when exposed to light, with faster rotation for more intense light, providing a quantitative measurement of electromagnetic radiation intensity.