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Electrical hysteresis typically occurs in ferroelectric material, where domains of polarization contribute to the total polarization. Polarization is the electrical dipole moment (either C·m −2 or C·m). The mechanism, an organization of the polarization into domains, is similar to that of magnetic hysteresis.
In control theory, a bang–bang controller (hysteresis, 2 step or on–off controller), is a feedback controller that switches abruptly between two states. These controllers may be realized in terms of any element that provides hysteresis. They are often used to control a plant that accepts a binary input, for example a furnace that is either ...
If the unemployment rate exhibits hysteresis, then it follows a statistically non-stationary process, because the expected value of the unemployment rate now and in the future permanently shifts when the rate itself changes. The process with hysteresis is a unit root process, which in its simplest form can be characterized as
Positive feedback in economic systems can cause boom-then-bust cycles. A familiar example of positive feedback is the loud squealing or howling sound produced by audio feedback in public address systems: the microphone picks up sound from its own loudspeakers, amplifies it, and sends it through the speakers again.
Economic debate continues on the significance of path dependence in determining how standards form. [ 21 ] Economists from Alfred Marshall to Paul Krugman have noted that similar businesses tend to congregate geographically ( "agglomerate" ); opening near similar companies attracts workers with skills in that business, which draws in more ...
Hysteresis is an important concept in alternative stable state theory. In this ecological context, hysteresis refers to the existence of different stable states under the same variables or parameters. Hysteresis can be explained by "path-dependency", in which the equilibrium point for the trajectory of "A → B" is different from for "B → A ...
A nonlinear dynamical system exhibits chaotic hysteresis if it simultaneously exhibits chaotic dynamics (chaos theory) and hysteresis.As the latter involves the persistence of a state, such as magnetization, after the causal or exogenous force or factor is removed, it involves multiple equilibria for given sets of control conditions.
Circuit diagram for threshold detector with hysteresis. The threshold detector with hysteresis consists of an operational amplifier and a series of resistors that provide hysteresis. [1]: 5 [2]: 7 [3] Like other detectors, this device functions as a voltage switch, but with an important difference. The state of the detector output is not ...