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The 12 founding member states of CERN in 1954. [13]The convention establishing CERN [14] was ratified on 29 September 1954 by 12 countries in Western Europe. [15] The acronym CERN originally represented the French words for Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire ('European Council for Nuclear Research'), which was a provisional council for building the laboratory, established by 12 ...
Because electricity costs are lower during the summer, the LHC normally does not operate over the winter months, [70] although exceptions over the 2009/10 and 2012/2013 winters were made to make up for the 2008 start-up delays and to improve precision of measurements of the new particle discovered in 2012, respectively.
Presidents of the CERN Council [2] Term President Country 1954–1957 Sir Ben Lockspeiser United Kingdom: 1958–1960 François de Tricornot de Rose France: 1961–1963 Jean Willems Belgium: 1964–1966 Jan Hendrik Bannier Netherlands: 1967–1969 Gösta Funke Sweden: 1970–1971 Edoardo Amaldi Italy: 1972–1974 Wolfgang Gentner Germany: 1975 ...
The first website was created in August 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, a European nuclear research agency. Berners-Lee's WorldWideWeb browser became publicly available the same month. By the end of 1992, there were ten websites. [1]
Shortly after Berners-Lee's return to CERN, TCP/IP protocols were installed on Unix machines at the institution, turning it into the largest Internet site in Europe. In 1988, the first direct IP connection between Europe and North America was established and Berners-Lee began to openly discuss the possibility of a web-like system at CERN. [10]
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC; formerly referred to as HiLumi LHC, Super LHC, and SLHC) is an upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider, operated by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), located at the French-Swiss border near Geneva. From 2011 to 2020, the project was led by Lucio Rossi. In 2020, the lead role ...
In office Directors General Country 1952–1954 Edoardo Amaldi (Secretary-General) [1] Italy 1954–1955 Felix Bloch [2] Switzerland 1955–1960 Cornelis Bakker Netherlands
It is situated inside the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) complex at CERN, Geneva. [1] [2] It is designed to further decelerate the antiproton beam coming from the Antiproton decelerator to an energy of 0.1 MeV for more precise measurements. [3] [4] The first beam circulated ELENA on 18 November 2016. [5]