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The J-integral represents a way to calculate the strain energy release rate, or work per unit fracture surface area, in a material. [1] The theoretical concept of J-integral was developed in 1967 by G. P. Cherepanov [2] and independently in 1968 by James R. Rice, [3] who showed that an energetic contour path integral (called J) was independent of the path around a crack.
Meta-integration is based on the management and business philosophy which defines the company's consideration of and relation to its stakeholders’ values. Vertical integration is achieved throughout the three management dimensions by means of structures, activities, and behavior.
Integral theory as developed by Ken Wilber is a synthetic ... Examples includes ... Wilber's ideas have also found applicability in consultancy and management, ...
Alternative Theory of Organization and Management (ATOM) proposes a scientific approach to organization and management. Designed and developed by Seweryn Chajtman , the ATOM concept arose from a need to clarify the adoption and widespread recognition of laws and regularity that are based on strict criteria.
The cover of The Peter Principle (1970 Pan Books edition). The Peter principle is a concept in management developed by Laurence J. Peter which observes that people in a hierarchy tend to rise to "a level of respective incompetence": employees are promoted based on their success in previous jobs until they reach a level at which they are no longer competent, as skills in one job do not ...
In mathematics, Fredholm operators are certain operators that arise in the Fredholm theory of integral equations.They are named in honour of Erik Ivar Fredholm.By definition, a Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator T : X → Y between two Banach spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and finite-dimensional (algebraic) cokernel = / , and with closed range .
The theory of Teal organizations is built on three core concepts: self-management, wholeness, and evolutionary purpose. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Self-management replaces traditional hierarchy with a system where employees manage themselves and collaborate on decisions, distributing authority more evenly.
The following result is a generalisation of the monotone convergence of non negative sums theorem above to the measure theoretic setting. It is a cornerstone of measure and integration theory with many applications and has Fatou's lemma and the dominated convergence theorem as direct consequence.