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Built as a rack railway, adhesion operation only by passenger railbuses, now only museum operation on part of the line. 1 in 14 (7.0%) Red Marble Grade, Topton, North Carolina. A 2015 survey [12] lists the 3.5 mile stretch between MP 87 and MP 90.5 at a 4% average grade and says there are isolated stretches approaching 7%. When originally built ...
Extremely steep gradients require the use of cables (such as the Scenic Railway at Katoomba Scenic World, Australia, with a maximum grade of 122% (52°), claimed to be the world's steepest passenger-carrying funicular [15]) or some kind of rack railway (such as the Pilatus railway in Switzerland, with a maximum grade of 48% (26°), claimed to ...
Trains would leave Sparks with enough engine to manage the 0.43% grade (e.g. a 2-10-2 with a 5500-ton train) and would get helper engines at Wells; the "ruling grade" from Sparks to Ogden could be considered 0.43%. But nowadays the railroad doesn't base helper engines at Wells so trains must leave Sparks with enough power to climb the 1.4% ...
Adhesion is caused by friction, with maximum tangential force produced by a driving wheel before slipping given by: F m a x = μ W , {\displaystyle F_{\mathrm {max} }=\mu W,} [ 2 ] where μ {\displaystyle \mu } is the coefficient of friction and W {\displaystyle W} is the weight on the wheel.
Railway costing is the calculation of the variable and fixed costs of rail movements. Variable costs are those that increase or decrease with changes in the traffic volumes or service levels and include fuel, maintenance and train crew costs, for example.
Maximum load on class C route: m > 30 t (30 long tons; 33 short tons) for twin-axled wagons / m > 40 t (39 long tons; 44 short tons) for three-axled wagons [note 4] Ia, La maximum load at limit of load C: m > 40 t (39 long tons; 44 short tons) [ note 4 ]
Maximum train load (freight): 3500 ± 93 tonnes gross; Designed transport capacity: 20 million tonnes annually; Gross transport capacity: 24.9 million tonnes annually (taking double-track sections into account) Minimum railway curve radius: 1,200 m (3,900 ft) (800 m or 2,600 ft at difficult locations) Maximum (ruling) gradient: 1.85% [24] (1 in 54)
Saluda Grade was the steepest standard-gauge mainline railway grade in the United States. [1] Owned by the Norfolk Southern Railway as part of its W Line, Saluda Grade in Polk County, North Carolina, gained 606 feet (185 m) in elevation in fewer than three miles (4.8 km) between Melrose and Saluda, North Carolina. Average grade was 4.24 percent ...