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  2. Zero-based numbering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-based_numbering

    Under zero-based numbering, the initial element is sometimes termed the zeroth element, [1] rather than the first element; zeroth is a coined ordinal number corresponding to the number zero. In some cases, an object or value that does not (originally) belong to a given sequence, but which could be naturally placed before its initial element ...

  3. Empty sum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_sum

    In mathematics, an empty sum, or nullary sum, [1] is a summation where the number of terms is zero. The natural way to extend non-empty sums [ 2 ] is to let the empty sum be the additive identity . Let a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} , a 2 {\displaystyle a_{2}} , a 3 {\displaystyle a_{3}} , ... be a sequence of numbers, and let

  4. Row and column spaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_and_column_spaces

    The column space of a matrix is the image or range of the corresponding matrix transformation. Let be a field. The column space of an m × n matrix with components from is a linear subspace of the m-space. The dimension of the column space is called the rank of the matrix and is at most min(m, n). [1]

  5. Zero-sum problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum_problem

    In number theory, zero-sum problems are certain kinds of combinatorial problems about the structure of a finite abelian group. Concretely, given a finite abelian group G and a positive integer n , one asks for the smallest value of k such that every sequence of elements of G of size k contains n terms that sum to 0 .

  6. Sparse matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_matrix

    For example, CSC is (val, row_ind, col_ptr), where val is an array of the (top-to-bottom, then left-to-right) non-zero values of the matrix; row_ind is the row indices corresponding to the values; and, col_ptr is the list of val indexes where each column starts. The name is based on the fact that column index information is compressed relative ...

  7. Pic showing Simone Biles and Shaquille O’Neal’s height ...

    www.aol.com/news/pic-showing-simone-biles-sha...

    Biles captioned the shot "hey Shaq," adding a hand-wave emoji. Social media users got a kick out of the the athletes' height difference, with many noting that Biles actually appeared taller in the ...

  8. Zero-sum Ramsey theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum_Ramsey_theory

    In mathematics, zero-sum Ramsey theory or zero-sum theory is a branch of combinatorics.It deals with problems of the following kind: given a combinatorial structure whose elements are assigned different weights (usually elements from an Abelian group), one seeks for conditions that guarantee the existence of certain substructure whose weights of its elements sum up to zero (in ).

  9. Data orientation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_orientation

    Row-oriented benefits from fast insertion of a new row. Column-oriented benefits from fast insertion of a new column. This dimension is an important reason why row-oriented formats are more commonly used in Online transaction processing (OLTP), as it results in faster transactions in comparison to column-oriented.