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  2. Oral rehydration therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy

    This fluid is isosmotic with the blood and contains a high quantity, about 142 mEq/L, of sodium. A healthy individual secretes 2000–3000 milligrams of sodium per day into the intestinal lumen. Nearly all of this is reabsorbed so that sodium levels in the body remain constant. In a diarrheal illness, sodium-rich intestinal secretions are lost ...

  3. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_sodium_bicarbonate

    Intravenous sodium bicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate, is a medication primarily used to treat severe metabolic acidosis. [2] For this purpose it is generally only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when the underlying cause is either diarrhea , vomiting , or the kidneys . [ 3 ]

  4. Laxative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laxative

    Prolonged use of stimulant laxatives can create drug dependence by damaging the colon's haustral folds, making users less able to move feces through their colon on their own. A study of patients with chronic constipation found that 28% of chronic stimulant laxative users lost haustral folds over the course of one year, while none of the control ...

  5. Whole bowel irrigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_bowel_irrigation

    Orally, the solution may be taken in a wide variety of settings, and is usually taken at a rate of 240 mL (8 oz.) every 10 to 20 minutes. Nasogastrically, the solution is generally administered at a rate of 500 mL/h in children 9 months to 6 years, 1000 mL/h in children 6 to 12 years, and 1500 to 2000 mL/h in adolescents and adults. [ 4 ]

  6. Macrogol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrogol

    Macrogol 4000, pharmaceutical quality. Macrogol 3350, often in combination with electrolytes, is used for short-term relief of constipation as well as for long-term use in constipation of various causes, including in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease patients (an often-overlooked non-motor symptom) as well as constipation caused by pharmaceutical drugs such as opioids and ...

  7. Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_citrate/sodium...

    Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol sold under the brandname Microlax and Micolette Micro enema, among others, is a small tube of liquid gel that is used to treat constipation. [ 1 ] The main active ingredients are sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (0.90% w/v ), sodium citrate (9.0% w/v ) and glycerol .

  8. Ringer's lactate solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringer's_lactate_solution

    28–29 mEq of lactate ion = 28 mmol L −1; 4–5 mEq of potassium ion = 4 mmol L −1; 2–3 mEq of calcium ion = 1.5 mmol L −1; Ringer's lactate has an osmolarity of 273 mOsm L −1 [14] and a pH of 6.5. [10] The lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate by the liver, which can help correct metabolic acidosis.

  9. Hypernatremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypernatremia

    High volume hypernatremia can be due to hyperaldosteronism, excessive administration of intravenous normal saline or sodium bicarbonate, or rarely from eating too much salt. [1] [2] Low blood protein levels can result in a falsely high sodium measurement. [4] The cause can usually be determined by the history of events. [1]

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