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Catalytic converter prototypes were first designed in France at the end of the 19th century, when only a few thousand "oil cars" were on the roads; these prototypes had inert clay-based materials coated with platinum, rhodium, and palladium and sealed into a double metallic cylinder. [6]
[5] In 2022, catalytic converter thefts cost victims over $382 million. [6] From 2001 to 2021, the price of PRP rose dramatically: platinum rose from $530 per ounce to about $1100 ($912.00 to $1,237, adjusted for inflation). [2] This led to an epidemic of thefts targeting the device for sale to scrap dealers. [4]
Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ... The largest use of palladium today is in catalytic converters. ... In 2016 however palladium cost around $614 per ounce as Russia ...
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The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust pipe, which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NO x into less harmful gases by using a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts. [16] There are two types of catalytic converter, a two-way and a three-way converter.
Catalytic-converter-equipped vehicles have helped cut other air pollutants by more than 3 billion tons worldwide between 1975 and 2000; of this 1.5 billion short tons was in the United States. Automobiles meet emission standards that required reductions of up to 98+ percent for HC, 96 percent for CO, and 95 percent for NOx compared to the ...
The introduction of the three-way catalytic converter by Volvo in 1976 increased the demand for rhodium. The previous catalytic converters used platinum or palladium, while the three-way catalytic converter used rhodium to reduce the amount of NO x in the exhaust. [22] [23] [24]
Monolithic catalyst supports are extruded structures that are the core of many catalytic converters, [1] most diesel particulate filters, and some catalytic reactors. Most catalytic converters are used for vehicle emissions control. Stationary catalytic converters can reduce air pollution from fossil fuel power stations.
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