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A compression member is a structural element that primarily resists forces, which act to shorten or compress the member along its length. Commonly found in engineering and architectural structures, such as columns , struts , and braces, compression members are designed to withstand loads that push or press on them without buckling or failing.
Compression of solids has many implications in materials science, physics and structural engineering, for compression yields noticeable amounts of stress and tension. By inducing compression, mechanical properties such as compressive strength or modulus of elasticity , can be measured.
In mechanics, compressive strength (or compression strength) is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size (compression). It is opposed to tensile strength which withstands loads tending to elongate, resisting tension (being pulled apart).
The container compression test measures the compressive strength of packages such as boxes, drums, and cans. It usually provides a plot of deformation vs compressive force . It is commonly used to evaluate shipping containers made of corrugated fiberboard as well as wooden boxes and crates .
In the truss pictured above right, the bottom chord is in tension, and the top chord in compression. The diagonal and vertical members form the truss web, and carry the shear stress. Individually, they are also in tension and compression, the exact arrangement of forces is depending on the type of truss and again on the direction of bending.
The particles in real materials interact with each other. Then, the relation between the pressure, density and temperature is known as the equation of state denoted by some function . The Van der Waals equation is an example of an equation of state for a realistic gas. = (,).
Fig. 1: Critical stress vs slenderness ratio for steel, for E = 200 GPa, yield strength = 240 MPa.. Euler's critical load or Euler's buckling load is the compressive load at which a slender column will suddenly bend or buckle.
In functional analysis, the compression of a linear operator T on a Hilbert space to a subspace K is the operator |:, where : is the orthogonal projection onto K.This is a natural way to obtain an operator on K from an operator on the whole Hilbert space.
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