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Bipolar electrochemistry scheme. In electrochemistry, standard electrode potential, or , is a measure of the reducing power of any element or compound.The IUPAC "Gold Book" defines it as; "the value of the standard emf (electromotive force) of a cell in which molecular hydrogen under standard pressure is oxidized to solvated protons at the left-hand electrode".
The EMF of a concentration cell without transport is: E n t = R T F ln a 2 a 1 {\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {nt} }={\frac {RT}{F}}\ln {\frac {a_{2}}{a_{1}}}} where a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} and a 2 {\displaystyle a_{2}} are activities of HCl in the two solutions, R {\displaystyle R} is the universal gas constant , T {\displaystyle T} is the ...
Solar cell output voltage for two light-induced currents I L expressed as a ratio to the reverse saturation current I 0 [52] and using a fixed ideality factor m of 2. [53] Their emf is the voltage at their y-axis intercept. Solving the illuminated diode's above simplified current–voltage relationship for output voltage yields:
In electrochemistry, electrode potential is the voltage of a galvanic cell built from a standard reference electrode and another electrode to be characterized. [1] By convention, the reference electrode is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE).
The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E°), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at: . Temperature 298.15 K (25.00 °C; 77.00 °F); ...
As discussed under cell voltage, the electromotive force of the cell is the difference of the half-cell potentials, a measure of the relative ease of dissolution of the two electrodes into the electrolyte. The emf depends on both the electrodes and on the electrolyte, an indication that the emf is chemical in nature.
Faraday's law is a single equation describing two different phenomena: the motional emf generated by a magnetic force on a moving wire (see the Lorentz force), and the transformer emf generated by an electric force due to a changing magnetic field (described by the Maxwell–Faraday equation).
Internal resistance model of a source of voltage, where ε is the electromotive force of the source, R is the load resistance, V is the voltage drop across the load, I is the current delivered by the source, and r is the internal resistance.
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