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In object-oriented programming, the singleton pattern is software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance. It is one of the well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns , which describe how to solve recurring problems in object-oriented software. [ 1 ]
Whereas the singleton allows only one instance of a class to be created, the multiton pattern allows for the controlled creation of multiple instances, which it manages through the use of a map. Rather than having a single instance per application (e.g. the java.lang.Runtime object in the Java programming language ) the multiton pattern instead ...
In the C++ programming language, argument-dependent lookup (ADL), or argument-dependent name lookup, [1] applies to the lookup of an unqualified function name depending on the types of the arguments given to the function call. This behavior is also known as Koenig lookup, as it is often attributed to Andrew Koenig, though he is not its inventor ...
The single-responsibility principle (SRP) is a computer programming principle that states that "A module should be responsible to one, and only one, actor." [1] The term actor refers to a group (consisting of one or more stakeholders or users) that requires a change in the module.
in Kotlin, Unit is a singleton with only one value: the Unit object. In Ruby, nil is the only instance of the NilClass class. In C++, the std::monostate unit type was added in C++17. Before that, it is possible to define a custom unit type using an empty struct such as struct empty{}.
In the above UML class diagram, the Director class doesn't create and assemble the ProductA1 and ProductB1 objects directly. Instead, the Director refers to the Builder interface for building (creating and assembling) the parts of a complex object, which makes the Director independent of which concrete classes are instantiated (which ...
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software (1994) is a software engineering book describing software design patterns.The book was written by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides, with a foreword by Grady Booch.
This insulates client code from object creation by having clients request that a factory object create an object of the desired abstract type and return an abstract pointer to the object. [ 5 ] An example is an abstract factory class DocumentCreator that provides interfaces to create a number of products (e.g., createLetter() and createResume() ).