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  2. Convective instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_instability

    Convective Instability, denoted in the red highlighted region ("positive area"), ... which makes the air column unstable and encourages convection. There is a major ...

  3. Marangoni effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marangoni_effect

    Another instance of the Marangoni effect appears in the behavior of convection cells, the so-called Bénard cells. One important application of the Marangoni effect is the use for drying silicon wafers after a wet processing step during the manufacture of integrated circuits. Liquid spots left on the wafer surface can cause oxidation that ...

  4. Convective available potential energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_available...

    Under certain conditions, the lapse rate can increase significantly in a short amount of time, resulting in convection. High convective instability can lead to severe thunderstorms and tornadoes as moist air which is trapped in the boundary layer eventually becomes highly negatively buoyant relative to the adiabatic lapse rate and escapes as a ...

  5. Rayleigh–Bénard convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh–Bénard_convection

    At a critical Rayleigh number of 1708, [5] instability sets in and convection cells appear. The critical Rayleigh number can be obtained analytically for a number of different boundary conditions by doing a perturbation analysis on the linearized equations in the stable state. [ 16 ]

  6. Atmospheric instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_instability

    Atmospheric instability is a condition where the Earth's atmosphere is considered to be unstable and as a result local weather is highly variable through distance and time. [ clarification needed ] [ 1 ] Atmospheric instability encourages vertical motion, which is directly correlated to different types of weather systems and their severity.

  7. Glossary of meteorology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_meteorology

    Also actiniform. Describing a collection of low-lying, radially structured clouds with distinct shapes (resembling leaves or wheels in satellite imagery), and typically organized in extensive mesoscale fields over marine environments. They are closely related to and sometimes considered a variant of stratocumulus clouds. actinometer A scientific instrument used to measure the heating power of ...

  8. Convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection

    Convection is often categorised or described by the main effect causing the convective flow; for example, thermal convection. Convection cannot take place in most solids because neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion of matter can take place. Granular convection is a similar phenomenon in granular material instead of fluids.

  9. Chemical stability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_stability

    In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer. [ 1 ] Chemical stability may also refer to the shelf-life of a particular chemical compound; that is the duration of time before it begins to degrade in response to environmental factors.