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3'-5' exoribonuclease CSL4 homolog is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EXOSC1 gene. [5] [6] [7]This gene encodes a core component of the exosome complex.The mammalian exosome is required for rapid degradation of AU rich element-containing RNAs but not for poly(A) shortening.
Exosomes have also been shown to carry double-stranded DNA. [25] Exosomes can transfer molecules from one cell to another via membrane vesicle trafficking, thereby influencing the immune system, such as dendritic cells and B cells, and may play a functional role in mediating adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors.
Exosomes are formed by invagination within a cell to create an intracellular vesicle called an endosome, or an endocytic vesicle. In general, exosomes are formed by segregating the cargo (e.g., lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) within the endosome. Once formed, the endosome combines with a structure known as a multivesicular body (MVB). The ...
54512 109075 Ensembl ENSG00000178896 ENSMUSG00000034259 UniProt Q9NPD3 Q921I9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_019037 NM_175399 RefSeq (protein) NP_061910 NP_780608 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 144.08 – 144.08 Mb Chr 15: 76.21 – 76.21 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Exosome component 4, also known as EXOSC4, is a human gene, which is part of the exosome complex. Interactions Exosome ...
The stem cell secretome consists of extracellular vesicles, [1] specifically exosomes, microvesicles, membrane particles, peptides and small proteins . The paracrine activity of stem cells, i.e. the stem cell secretome, has been found to be the predominant mechanism by which stem cell-based therapies mediate their effects in degenerative, auto ...
While application of exosomes is still in its early stages, approaches are being explored to produce exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs or artificial exosomes) to overcome these challenges. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] ELNs are a type of engineered exosomes designed to modify the structure and enhance the function of natural exosomes. [ 7 ]
Exosome component 10, also known as EXOSC10, is a human gene, the protein product of which (sometimes called PM/Scl-100) is part of the exosome complex and is an autoantigen is patients with certain auto immune diseases, most notably scleromyositis.
The exosome was first discovered as an RNase in 1997 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an often-used model organism. [1] Not long after, in 1999, it was realized that the exosome was in fact the yeast equivalent of an already described complex in human cells called the PM/Scl complex, which had been identified as an autoantigen in patients with certain autoimmune diseases years ...