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HT-7, or Hefei Tokamak-7, is an experimental superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion reactor built in Hefei, China, to investigate the process of developing fusion power.The HT-7 was developed with the assistance of Russia, and was based on the earlier T-7 tokamak reactor.
[4] The first tokamak was built in 1954, [5]. In 1968 the electronic plasma temperature of 1 keV was reached on the tokamak T-3, built at the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy under the leadership of academician L. A. Artsimovich. [6] [7] [8] By the mid-1960s, the tokamak designs began to show greatly improved performance.
As of 2023 the device is known as JT-60SA and is the largest operational superconducting tokamak in the world, [1] built and operated jointly by the European Union and Japan in Naka, Ibaraki Prefecture. [2] [3] SA stands for super advanced tokamak, including a D-shaped plasma cross-section, superconducting coils, and active feedback control.
A spherical tokamak is a type of fusion power device based on the tokamak principle. It is notable for its very narrow profile, or aspect ratio. A traditional tokamak has a toroidal confinement area that gives it an overall shape similar to a donut, complete with a large hole in the middle. The spherical tokamak reduces the size of the hole as ...
For comparison, the modern ITER tokamak is 840 cubic meters. [7] TFR produced its first plasma on 22 March 1973. The system quickly ramped up its power until three months later when a hole burned through the inner wall of the vacuum chamber. The reason for this was quickly determined to be due to a beam of fast electrons, roughly 50 keV.
The T-15 (or Tokamak-15) is a Russian (previously Soviet) nuclear fusion research reactor located at the Kurchatov Institute, which is based on the (Soviet-invented) tokamak design. [2] It was the first industrial prototype fusion reactor to use superconducting magnets to control the plasma . [ 3 ]
DEMOnstration Power Plant; DIII-D (tokamak) ... Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear; ... Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 ...
Because power draw from the main grid is limited to 575 MW, two large flywheel generators were constructed to provide this necessary power. [52] Each 775-ton flywheel can spin up to 225 rpm and store 3.75 GJ, [ 53 ] roughly the same amount of kinetic energy as a train weighing 5,000 tons traveling at 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph).