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However, S 1 is pierced by conduction current, while S 2 is pierced by displacement current. Surface S 2 is closed under the capacitor plate. As depicted in the figure to the right, the current crossing surface S 1 is entirely conduction current. Applying the Ampère-Maxwell equation to surface S 1 yields:
The most common description of the electromagnetic field uses two three-dimensional vector fields called the electric field and the magnetic field.These vector fields each have a value defined at every point of space and time and are thus often regarded as functions of the space and time coordinates.
The displacement current is justified today because it serves several requirements of an electromagnetic theory: correct prediction of magnetic fields in regions where no free current flows; prediction of wave propagation of electromagnetic fields; and conservation of electric charge in cases where charge density is time-varying.
Mutual Action of Electric Currents. Induction of Electric Currents. Induction of a Current on Itself. General Equations of Dynamics. Application of Dynamics to Electromagnetism. Electrokinetics. Exploration of the Field by means of the Secondary Circuit. General Equations. Dimensions of Electric Units. Energy and Stress. Current-Sheets ...
Rosser's Equation is given by the following: + = = where: is the conduction-current density, is the transverse current density, is time, and is the scalar potential.. To understand Selvan's quotation we need the following terms: is charge density, is the magnetic vector potential, and is the displacement field.
D o and E o are the amplitudes of the displacement and electric fields, respectively, i is the imaginary unit, i 2 = − 1 . The response of a medium to static electric fields is described by the low-frequency limit of permittivity, also called the static permittivity ε s (also ε DC):
On average at e 1 the electron has the same velocity as the sheet (v, black arrow) in the +x direction. The magnetic field (B, green arrow) of the magnet's North pole N is directed down in the −y direction. The magnetic field exerts a Lorentz force on the electron (pink arrow) of F 1 = −e(v × B), where e is the electron's charge.
The drift current, by contrast, is due to the motion of charge carriers due to the force exerted on them by an electric field. Diffusion current can be in the same or opposite direction of a drift current. The diffusion current and drift current together are described by the drift–diffusion equation. [1]