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The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ in bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish [1]) that functions to modulate buoyancy, and thus allowing the fish to stay at desired water depth without having to maintain lift via swimming, which expends more energy. [2]
It has also been observed to swim for extended periods of time, using its swim bladder to aid in buoyancy. [6] Additionally, Brachygobius sabanus is one of two goby species (out of eight that have been tested) that show a response to the chemical stimuli which are released when a conspecific is injured.
The Bubble Eye is a small variety of fancy goldfish with upward-pointing eyes that are accompanied by two large fluid-filled sacs. It is a dorsal-less fish – good specimens will have a clean back and eye bubbles that match in color and size.
Canal size typically corresponds to the body size of the animal but the number of ampullae remains the same. The canals of the ampullae of Lorenzini can be pored or non-pored. Non-pored canals do not interact with external fluid movement but serve a function as a tactile receptor to prevent interferences with foreign particles. [10]
Diagrammatic vertical section through the eye of teleost fish. Fish have a refractive index gradient within the lens which compensates for spherical aberration. [4] Unlike humans, most fish adjust focus by moving the lens closer or further from the retina. [5] Teleosts do so by contracting the retractor lentis muscle.
Usually, light enters through the fish eye at the cornea and passes through the pupil in order to reach the lens. Most fish species have a fixed size of the pupil while a few species have a muscular iris that allows for the adjustment of the pupil diameter. Fish eyes have a more spherical lens than other terrestrial vertebrates.
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The scleral ring or sclerotic ring is a hardened ring of plates, often derived from bone, that is found in the eyes of many animals in several groups of vertebrates. Some species of mammals, amphibians, and crocodilians lack scleral rings. [1] The ring is in the fibrous outer layer of the eye, called the sclera.