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High Humidity reduces mechanical damage such as brittle paint but raises the risks of biological organisms, e.g. white efflorescence and green-to-black stains on a panel painting. [12] High Humidity also raises the risks of curving or warping of the wood over time, forcing the paint to flake off.
Possible sanxian (left) and pipa, from a 762-827 A.D. painting in the Mogao caves near Dunhuang―Grotto 46 Left interior wall, second panel. Also called cave 112. It has been suggested that sanxian, a form of spike lute, may have its origin in the Middle East, and older forms of spike lute were also found in ancient Egypt. [1]
Low-VOC paint types include latex (water-based), recycled latex (water-based), acrylic, and milk paint. [1] [2] The labels of paint cans can be checked for the following information: To be considered low-VOC, the paint should contain <50 g/L of VOC. [citation needed] To be considered zero-VOC, the paint should contain <5 g/L of VOC. [citation ...
A building estimator or cost estimator is an individual that quantifies the materials, labor, and equipment needed to complete a construction project. Building cost estimating can concern diverse forms of construction from residential properties to hi-rise and civil works.
In the paint and coating industries, paint adhesion testing is often used to determine if the paint or coating will adhere properly to the substrates to which they are applied. Several tests measure the resistance of paints and coatings from substrates: cross-cut test, scrape adhesion, pull-off test , and others.
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall ( fresco ) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts ).
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
According to EN 13523-0, a prepainted metal (or coil coated metal) is a ‘metal on which a coating material (e.g. paint, film…) has been applied by coil coating’.When applied onto the metallic substrate, the coating material (in liquid, in paste or powder form) forms a film possessing protective, decorative and/or other specific properties.