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N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. It is miscible with water and with most common organic solvents. It also belongs to the class of dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
There are several methods for 3D IC design, including recrystallization and wafer bonding methods. There are two major types of wafer bonding, Cu-Cu connections (copper-to-copper connections between stacked ICs, used in TSVs) [18] [19] and through-silicon via (TSV). 3D ICs with TSVs may use solder microbumps, small solder balls as an interface between two individual dies in a 3D IC. [20]
The living nature of NMP is due to the persistent radical effect (PRE). [3] The PRE is a phenomenon observable in some radical systems which leads to the highly favored formation of one product to the near exclusion of other radical couplings due to one of the radical species being particularly stable, existing in greater and greater concentrations as the reaction progresses while the other ...
A 3D package (System in Package, Chip Stack MCM, etc.) contains two or more dies stacked vertically so that they occupy less space and/or have greater connectivity. An alternate type of 3D package can be found in IBM's Silicon Carrier Packaging Technology, where ICs are not stacked but a carrier substrate containing TSVs is used to connect ...
In 2016, CEA Leti demonstrated their second generation 3D-NoC technology which combines small dies ("chiplets"), fabricated at the FDSOI 28 nm node, on a 65 nm CMOS interposer. [12] Another example of an interposer is the adapter used to plug a SATA drive into a SAS backplane with redundant ports. While SAS drives have two ports that can be ...
Following a razor and blades model, 3D Systems offers more than one hundred materials to be used with its printers, including waxes, rubber-like materials, metals, composites, plastics and nylons. [27] 3D Systems is a closed-source company, using in-house technologies for product development and patents to protect their technologies from ...
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Dihydrolevoglucosenone is considered a "green" replacement for DMF. [5] Several standard reactions of organic chemistry, e.g. Menshutkin reaction, [5] Sonogashira coupling, [18] Suzuki-Miyaura coupling [19] and the production of ureas [20] have been carried out in dihydrolevoglucosenone. Formation of ureas using dihydrolevoglucosenone as a solvent