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3. Therefore, if naturalism is true, then no belief is rationally inferred (from 1 and 2). 4. We have good reason to accept naturalism only if it can be rationally inferred from good evidence. 5. Therefore, there is not, and cannot be, good reason to accept naturalism. [1] In short, naturalism undercuts itself.
Religious responses to the beauty, order, and importance of nature (as the conditions that enable all forms of life) When the term, religious, is used with respect to religious naturalism, it is understood in a general way—separate from the beliefs or practices of specific established religions, but including types of questions, aspirations, values, attitudes, feelings, and practices that ...
Nonetheless, this case was cited by Justice Black to justify the inclusion of secular humanism in the list of religions in his note. Presumably Justice Black added the word secular to emphasize the non-theistic nature of the Fellowship of Humanity and distinguish their brand of humanism from that associated with, for example, Christian humanism.
The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness." [24] John Dewey (1859–1952), an American pragmatist philosopher, who believed neither religion nor metaphysics could provide legitimate moral or social values, though scientific empiricism could (see science of morality). [25]
Methodological naturalism, the second sense of the term "naturalism", (see above) is "the adoption or assumption of philosophical naturalism … with or without fully accepting or believing it.” [25] Robert T. Pennock used the term to clarify that the scientific method confines itself to natural explanations without assuming the existence or ...
Religious minorities and non-religious citizens in a country tend to support political secularism while members of the majority religion tend to oppose it. [7] Secular nationalists are people that support political secularism within their own state. [8] Scholars identify several variations of political secularism in society.
This argument against evolution is also frequently generalized into a criticism of all science; it is argued that "science is an atheistic religion", on the grounds that its methodological naturalism is as unproven, and thus as "faith-based", as the supernatural and theistic beliefs of creationism.
There are those who state that religion is not necessary for moral behavior at all. [3] The Dalai Lama has said that compassion and affection are human values independent of religion: "We need these human values. I call these secular ethics, secular beliefs. There’s no relationship with any particular religion.