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There are a variety of systems for attaching stone veneers to facades including dowel, kerf, and undercut anchoring systems as well as direct fixing. The direct or adhered fixing system relies on a mortar or cement bonding between the substrate wall and the backside of the stone veneer.
Slipform stonemasonry is a method for making a reinforced concrete wall with stone facing in which stones and mortar are built up in courses within reusable slipforms. It is a cross between traditional mortared stone wall and a veneered stone wall. Short forms, up to 60 cm high, are placed on both sides of the wall to serve as a guide for the ...
A 15-storey apartment building in La Tourette (Marseille), designed by Fernand Pouillon.Constructed using the massive precut stone method. Gobekli Tepe, early monumental Neolithic stonemasonry using flint-carved limestone columns (~9500 BCE) 12th-century stonemasonry at Angkor Wat Diamond-wire saw in use for quarrying marble Stonemason working with medieval tools Stonemasonry with andesite ...
Masonry walls have an endothermic effect of its hydrates, as in chemically bound water, unbound moisture from the concrete block, and the poured concrete if the hollow cores inside the blocks are filled. Masonry can withstand temperatures up to 1,000 °F (538 °C) and it can withstand direct exposure to fire for up to 4 hours.
The repeated impact of these points into stone or concrete creates a rough, pockmarked texture that resembles naturally weathered rock. They can help to increase bonding effectiveness when applying new concrete to an existing concrete surface by increasing the surface area of the bonding zone.
Post-tensioned stone has potential to replace steel-reinforced concrete in some contexts, as, according to structural engineer Steve Webb "a post-tensioned stone beam is as strong as steel". [10] " Post-tensioning offers new potential for the revival of masonry as a structural material". [ 11 ]
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Plinth: The bottom course of a wall. String course (Belt course or Band course): A decorative horizontal row of masonry, narrower than the other courses, that extends across the façade of a structure or wraps around decorative elements like columns. [1] [2] [4] Sill course: Stone masonry courses at the windowsill, projected out from the wall. [1]