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  2. Galápagos Islands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galápagos_Islands

    The first islands formed here at least 8 million and possibly up to 90 million years ago. [19] While the older islands have disappeared below the sea as they moved away from the mantle plume, the youngest islands, Isabela and Fernandina, are still being formed. In April 2009, lava from the volcanic island Fernandina started flowing both towards ...

  3. List of sovereign states by date of formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states...

    The list shows large groupings associated with the dates of independence from decolonization (e.g., 41 current states gained control of sovereignty from the United Kingdom and France between 1956 and 1966) or dissolution of a political union (e.g., 18 current states gained control of sovereignty from the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia between 1990 ...

  4. Treaty of Paris (1898) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)

    Taíno genocide Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821) Siege of Havana (1762) Captaincy General of Cuba (1607–1898) Lopez Expedition (1850–1851) Ten Years' War (1868–1878) Little War (1879–1880) Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898) Treaty of Paris (1898) US Military Government (1898–1902) Platt Amendment (1901) Republic of Cuba (1902–1959) Cuban Pacification (1906–1909) Negro ...

  5. Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_geopolitical...

    This is a timeline of country and capital changes around the world since 2000. It includes dates of declarations of independence , changes in country name , changes of capital city or name, and changes in territory such as the annexation , cession , concession , occupation , or secession of land.

  6. Gran Colombia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Colombia

    Gran Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡɾaŋ koˈlombja] ⓘ, "Great Colombia"), also known as Greater Colombia and officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia), was a state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern North America (aka southern Central America) from 1819 to 1831.

  7. Territorial evolution of the Caribbean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of...

    The King in 1694 issued an order to prevent foreign settlement in the Virgin Islands. In February 1698 Governor Christopher Codrington was told to regard the earlier 1694 orders as final, and the British entertained no further claims to the islands. [8] Cayman Islands - The islands were captured, then ceded to England in 1670 under the Treaty ...

  8. Galápagos hotspot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galápagos_hotspot

    The type of lava erupted was a mix of plume material and depleted upper mantle, similar to the type of lava found in the central Galapagos islands at the current time. From 14.5 million years to 12.5 million years ago: the Galapagos Spreading Centre moved south and the ridge overlay the southern edge of the hotspot.

  9. Separation of Panama from Colombia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from...

    Panama's independence alarmed Chilean authorities about a growing influence of the United States. This made Chile put great efforts to deny a United States purchase of the Galápagos Islands or the establishment of a United States Guantanamo-like naval base there. Chilean diplomacy was backed by Germany and Britain on this issue. [6]