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The Edo period (江戸時代, Edo jidai), also known as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代, Tokugawa jidai), is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 [1] in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional daimyo, or feudal lords.
The Tokugawa shogunate, [a] also known as the Edo shogunate, [b] was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. [18] [19] [20]The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate.
A Japanese/Cyrillic 1789 map of Japan showing provincial borders and the castle towns of han and major shogunate castles/cities Map of Japan, 1855, with provinces. Map of Japan, 1871, with provinces. The list of han or domains in the Tokugawa period (1603–1868) changed from time to time during the Edo period.
The Edo period starts after Tokugawa Ieyasu received from Emperor Go-Yōzei the title of shōgun. The town of Edo became the de facto capital of Japan and center of political power. This was after Tokugawa Ieyasu established the bakufu headquarters in Edo. Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country. November: Rokugō Rebellion: 1605: 3 ...
Bakumatsu (幕末, ' End of the bakufu ') were the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended.Between 1853 and 1867, under foreign diplomatic and military pressure, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as sakoku and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji government.
The Tokugawa period began when the Imperial Court appointed Ieyasu shōgun in 1603, starting the Tokugawa shogunate. [23] Japan's imperial seat and official capital remained in Kyoto, but the Emperor was virtually powerless; Ieyasu was the effective ruler of Japan, and Edo became powerful as the capital. [20] [28] [29]
Tokugawa Hidetada (1579–1632) 1605 de jure 1623 de facto 1632 3 Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) 1623 1651 4 Tokugawa Ietsuna (1641–1680) 1651 1680 5 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1646–1709) 1680 1709 6 Tokugawa Ienobu (1662–1712) 1709 1712 7 Tokugawa Ietsugu (1709–1716) 1713 1716 8 Tokugawa Yoshimune (1684–1751) 1716 de jure 1745 de facto ...
Edo grew to become one of the largest cities in the world under the Tokugawa. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 the Meiji government renamed Edo to Tokyo (東 京, "Eastern Capital") and relocated the Emperor from the historic capital of Kyoto to the city. The era of Tokugawa rule in Japan from 1603 to 1868 is known as the Edo period.