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In epidemiology, a rate ratio, sometimes called an incidence density ratio or incidence rate ratio, is a relative difference measure used to compare the incidence rates of events occurring at any given point in time.
Incidence should not be confused with prevalence, which is the proportion of cases in the population at a given time rather than rate of occurrence of new cases. Thus, incidence conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease, whereas prevalence indicates how widespread the disease is.
Calculating the infection rate is used to analyze trends for the purpose of infection and disease control. [1] An online infection rate calculator has been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that allows the determination of the streptococcal A infection rate in a population.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases.
Mathematically, it is the incidence rate of the outcome in the exposed group, , divided by the rate of the unexposed group, . [3] As such, it is used to compare the risk of an adverse outcome when receiving a medical treatment versus no treatment (or placebo), or for environmental risk factors.
Using the factor rate provided by the lender, you can quickly calculate the cost of the borrowed funds. For example, if you borrowed $100,000 with a factor rate of 1.5, multiply those two figures ...
The PPV and NPV are not intrinsic to the test (as true positive rate and true negative rate are); they depend also on the prevalence. [2] Both PPV and NPV can be derived using Bayes' theorem . Although sometimes used synonymously, a positive predictive value generally refers to what is established by control groups, while a post-test ...