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2. Catalytic converter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter

   A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.

3. Exhaust system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system

   The Turbo-back (or turbo back) is part of the exhaust system from the outlet of a turbocharger to the final vent to open air. Turbo-back systems are generally produced as aftermarket performance systems for cars with turbochargers. Some turbo-back (and header-back) systems replace stock catalytic converters, while others have less flow restriction.

4. Vehicle emissions control - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control

   Originally, this system was used to inject air into the engine's exhaust ports to provide oxygen so unburned and partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust would finish burning. Air injection is now used to support the catalytic converter 's oxidation reaction, and to reduce emissions when an engine is started from cold.

5. Selective catalytic reduction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction

   Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) means converting nitrogen oxides, also referred to as NO x with the aid of a catalyst into diatomic nitrogen (N 2), and water (H 2 O). A reductant, typically anhydrous ammonia (NH 3), aqueous ammonia (NH 4 OH), or a urea (CO(NH 2) 2) solution, is added to a stream of flue or exhaust gas and is reacted onto a ...

6. Secondary air injection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection

   During engine idle, brief but periodic negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system draw air through the aspirator valve and into the exhaust stream at the catalytic converter. This system, marketed as Pulse Air, was used by American Motors, Chrysler, and other manufacturers beginning in the 1970s. The aspirator provided advantages in cost ...

7. Monolith (catalyst support) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolith_(catalyst_support)

   High surface area facilitates catalytic reaction or filtration. The open spaces in the cross-sectional area are 72 to 87% of the frontal area, so resistance to the flow of gases through the holes is low, which minimizes energy consumed forcing gases through the structure. The monolith is a substrate that supports a catalyst.