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Limitation: Each individual must be protected against risks that are too great, through the application of individual radiation dose limits. Optimization: This process is intended for application to those situations that have been deemed to be justified.
Effective dose is a dose quantity in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. [1]It is the tissue-weighted sum of the equivalent doses in all specified tissues and organs of the human body and represents the stochastic health risk to the whole body, which is the probability of cancer induction and genetic effects, of low levels of ...
Consequently, the NRC will retain the dose limits for occupational workers and members of the public in 10 CFR part 20 radiation protection regulations. In 2004 the United States National Research Council (part of the National Academy of Sciences) supported the linear no threshold model and stated regarding Radiation hormesis: [25]
External dose quantities used in radiation protection and dosimetry based on ICRU 57, jointly developed with the ICRP. In collaboration with the ICRU, the commission has assisted in defining the use of many of the dose quantities in the accompanying diagram.
External dose quantities used in radiation protection and dosimetry. To enable consideration of stochastic health risk, calculations are performed to convert the physical quantity absorbed dose into equivalent dose, the details of which depend on the radiation type.
Banana equivalent dose, an illustrative unit of radiation dose representing the measure of radiation from a typical banana [37] [a] 250: nSv: U.S. limit on effective dose for general-use x-ray security screening systems such as those previously used in airport security screening [38] 5–10: μSv: One set of dental radiographs [39] 80: μSv:
The effective dose refers to the radiation risk averaged over the entire body. [4] It is the sum of the equivalent dosage of all exposed organs or tissues. [4] Equivalent dose and effective dose are measured in sieverts (Sv). [4] Dose quantities used in radiation protection
For comparison, radiation levels inside the United States Capitol are 85 mrem/yr (0.85 mSv/yr), close to the regulatory limit, because of the uranium content of the granite structure. [14] The NRC sets the annual total effective dose of full body radiation, or total body radiation (TBR), allowed for radiation workers 5,000 mrem (5 rem). [15] [16]