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Perseus (Greek: Περσεύς, romanized: Perséus; c. 212 – 166 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon [1] [2] from 179 until 168 BC. He is widely regarded as the last king of Macedonia and the last ruler from the Antigonid Dynasty, as his defeat by Rome at the Battle of Pydna during the Third Macedonian War effectively ended Macedonia as an independent political entity.
In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: / ˈ p ɜː r. s i. ə s /, UK: / ˈ p ɜː. sj uː s /; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty.He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles. [1]
The Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC) was a war fought between the Roman Republic and King Perseus of Macedon. In 179 BC, King Philip V of Macedon died and was succeeded by his ambitious son Perseus. He was anti-Roman and stirred anti-Roman feelings around Macedonia.
Given the fact that the monument was carved out of one originally meant to honor the King Perseus of Macedon and transformed into a monument celebrating the Roman general and statesmen, Aemilius Paullus, a few ideas can be interpreted. Firstly, the Romans were effectively attempting to erase Greek history in this.
The king chains his daughter to a rock by the shore to be devoured by Cetus at the whim of his subjects. Andromeda is saved when Perseus, flying home with his trophy head of Medusa , passes by the kingdom of Cepheus and notices a beautiful girl chained to a rock on the shore.
The Macedonians were led by their king, Perseus of Macedon, while the Roman force was led by the consul Publius Licinius Crassus. The Macedonians were supported by Cotys IV , the king of the Odrysian kingdom (the largest state in Thrace) and his forces, Cretan mercenaries, and auxiliaries of mixed nationalities.
The Third Macedonian War broke out in 171, when King Perseus of Macedon defeated a Roman army led by the consul Publius Licinius Crassus in the Battle of Callinicus. After two years of indecisive results for either side, Paullus was elected consul again in 168 (with Gaius Licinius Crassus as his colleague).
The political consequences of the lost battle were severe. Perseus later surrendered to Paullus, and was paraded in triumph in Rome in chains. He was then imprisoned. The Senate's settlement included the deportation to Italy of many of the king's friends [14] and the imprisonment (later house arrest) of Perseus at Alba Fucens. [15]