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4 strings 4 courses. G 3 •D 4 •A 4 •E 5: Ukraine Same as mandolin tuning Domra, tenor 3 strings 3 courses. B 2 •E 3 •A 3: Russia Domra, tenor 4 strings 4 courses. G 2 •D 3 •A 3 •E 4: Ukraine Same as octave-mandolin tuning Dotara: 4 strings 4 courses. F ♯ 3 •C ♯ 3 •F ♯ 4 •B 4: India Dotara: 6 strings 5 courses. G 2 G ...
Note: Because the dulcimer is most often played on the lap or with the instrument lying on a table, when the instrument is held upright (headstock at the top), the highest pitched string will be on the left—this is the reverse of most other string instruments (e.g., guitar, bass, fiddle, etc.) where the lowest string is on the left.
The most common way to represent the string tunings of many instruments is by a chord with all strings open. For instruments with many closely tuned strings, this is impractical, and for those with reentrant tunings it is positively misleading, so an arpeggio style may be used instead, spreading the string tunings. Recognising this, some ...
A hammered dulcimer, like an autoharp, harp, or piano, requires a tuning wrench for tuning, since the dulcimer's strings are wound around tuning pins with square heads. (Ordinarily, 5 mm "zither pins" are used, similar to, but smaller in diameter than piano tuning pins, which come in various sizes ranging upwards from "1/0" or 7 mm.)
This particular image is of the lower strings, which are thicker and wound with copper. Modern yangqin usually have 144 strings in total, with each pitch running in courses, with up to 5 strings per course, in order to boost the volume. The strings come in various thicknesses, and are tied at one end by screws, and at the other with tuning pegs.
The tsymbaly (Ukrainian: цимбали) is the Ukrainian version of the hammer dulcimer. It is a chordophone made up of a trapezoidal box with metal (steel or bronze) strings strung across it. The tsymbaly is played by striking two beaters against the strings. The strings are strung in groups of 3–5, which are tuned in unison.
The Indian santoor instrument is a trapezoid-shaped hammered dulcimer, and a variation of the Iranian santur. [1] The instrument is generally made of walnut and has 25 bridges. Each bridge has 4 strings, making for a total of 100 strings. It is a traditional instrument in Jammu and Kashmir, and dates back to ancient times.
Paul Gifford and Karl-Heinz Schickhaus have researched the salterio in 18th century Italy; there are instruments with up to eight strings per course (i.e. 8 strings tuned to the same note and played all together, like a 12-string guitar or the middle and upper notes of a piano), made in places like Venice, Florence, Brescia, Milan, and Triente [citation needed], and signed by ten different makers.